The Department of mathematics was established in 1932 and is one of the oldest departments in the Ryazan Region. From 1951 to 2009, mathematical training was provided by two departments: mathematical analysis and algebra, geometry and methods of teaching geometry.
Currently, the department carries out a full cycle of training specialists (bachelor's and master's degrees, postgraduate study), publishes an interuniversity collection of scientific papers "Differential equations and mathematical modeling". The department has 4 scientific and scientific-methodological seminars. Since 2018, the RSU named for S.A. Yesenin runs its scientific school of "Differential equations and their applications". In the same year, the Department of mathematics became the regional platform for holding the all-Russian educational and entertaining flash mob on mathematics MathCat. The department's lecturers actively work with talented children and conduct research work with students.